Odontologia hospitalar: uma análise crítica sobre a inserção do cirurgião dentista na atenção terciária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Hospital dentistry: a critical analysis of the role of the dental surgeon in tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Objetivo: analisar a inserção do cirurgião dentista na atenção terciária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo ecológico, com uso de dados secundários registrados pelo Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde no ano de 2023. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa também foram coletados os dados do CNES referentes à presença do cirurgião dentista, tipo de vínculo contratual e especialidades ofertadas pelos serviços. Já na segunda etapa os dados coletados foram referentes aos indicadores sociodemográficos dos profissionais com habilitação em odontologia hospitalar utilizando as informações disponibilizadas pelo Sistema WSCFO do Conselho Federal de Odontologia. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o suporte do software TabWin, versão 3.6, e do software estatístico R v. 4.2.3. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise descritiva. Resultados: apenas 6,11% das instituições são certificadas e consideradas Hospitais de Ensino. A maioria dos estabelecimentos (87,14%) oferece atendimento pelo SUS. Quanto à presença de cirurgiões dentistas nos estabelecimentos, 64,63% dos estabelecimentos relataram tê-los, enquanto 35,37% não possuem esse profissional em sua equipe. Neste estudo, constatamos que uma correlação positiva do cirurgião dentista com o número de leitos de UTI adulto e ao maior porte do hospital. Conclusão: observa-se que ainda há necessidade de estruturação da atenção terciária no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no que se refere à odontologia hospitalar. Há poucos os cirurgiões dentistas com uma carga horária dedicada exclusivamente ao atendimento hospitalar clínico a beira leito.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the inclusion of dental surgeons in tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: a descriptive ecological study using secondary data recorded by the National Register of Health Establishments in 2023. Data was collected in two stages. In the first stage, data was also collected from the CNES regarding the presence of a dental surgeon, the type of contractual relationship and the specialties offered by the services. In the second stage, data was collected on the sociodemographic indicators of professionals qualified in hospital dentistry using the information provided by the WSCFO System of the Federal Council of Dentistry. The data was analyzed using TabWin software, version 3.6, and R v. 4.2.3 statistical software. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: only 6.11% of institutions are certified and considered Teaching Hospitals. The majority of establishments (87.14%) provide care through the SUS. As for the presence of dental surgeons in the establishments, 64.63% of the establishments reported having them, while 35.37% did not have this professional on their team. In this study, we found a positive correlation between the number of adult ICU beds and the size of the hospital. Conclusion: There is still a need to structure tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in terms of hospital dentistry. There are few dental surgeons with a workload dedicated exclusively to bedside clinical hospital care.(AU)

Examining need and capacity for the development of a pediatric liver transplantation program in Kenya.

BACKGROUND: In Africa, pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is currently only performed in Egypt and South Africa, leaving those who require treatment in Kenya to travel abroad. The aim of this study was to determine whether sufficient capacity and need exists in Kenya to establish a safe and sustainable PLT program. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the intensive care unit (ICU) beds, surgical workforce, current hepatobiliary volume, and estimated prevalence of pediatric liver disease (PLD) was conducted across 17 hospitals in Kenya between July and September 2020. Data were collected from medical superintendents, directors of surgical departments, or nominated proxies at Kenyan Level 5 and 6 hospitals via a web-based survey. RESULTS: A total of 165 ICU beds were reported at 17 facilities, with 15 facilities reporting five or more beds. About 39% of general surgeons at responding hospitals performed hepatobiliary procedures, and 30% performed pediatric surgeries. Only 10% of surgeons had pediatric training. Over half (57%) of hospitals performed hepatobiliary procedures; at the maximum, 1-5 cases were performed per week including cholecystectomy to Kasai portoenterostomy and hepatectomy. Across 13 hospitals, there were an estimated 192-570 cases of PLD seen per month. The most common PLDs were hepatitis B, neonatal hepatitis, cirrhosis, and acute hepatic failure. Overall, two hospitals possessed the minimum workforce and resources to attempt PLT. CONCLUSIONS: In Kenya, ICU bed availability, pediatric surgical training, and hepatobiliary volume are limited. However, the high prevalence of PLD demonstrated a significant need for PLT across all Kenyan hospitals.

Contribuições do núcleo interno de regulação para a segurança do paciente / Contributions of the regulatory inner core to patient safety / Aportes del núcleo interno normativo para la seguridad del paciente

Objetivo: identificar as contribuições do Núcleo Interno de Regulação para a segurança do paciente. Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida entre agosto a outubro de 2020. Foram realizadas entrevistas audiogravadas junto a 13 profissionais que atuavam nas enfermarias, no pronto-socorro, na gestão da qualidade e no Núcleo Interno de Regulação. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software IraMuteq® e as etapas propostas por Creswell. Resultados: os achados revelaram que o Núcleo Interno de Regulação contribui para a segurança do paciente, entornando as metas instituídas: comunicação efetiva; identificação do paciente; redução do risco de infecções associadas aos cuidados em saúde - a pandemia de COVID-19 foi apresentada como um importante dado; segurança para cirurgia, uma vez que agiliza o acesso ao hospital para procedimento cirúrgico; e diminuição de filas de espera. Ainda, contribui para prevenir complicações decorrentes de quedas, pois o paciente pode ser alocado com agilidade num leito seguro. Por fim, o enfermeiro, no seu papel de liderança do serviço e como elo para a gerência do cuidado seguro, também se mostrou importante. Conclusão: embora algumas fragilidades tenham sido detectadas, a contribuição do Núcleo Interno de Regulação se sobressai por fortalecer as metas da segurança do paciente. Em razão disso, reafirma-se a importância de fluxos regulatórios na perspectiva de gestão de leitos hospitalares, assim como os preceitos da segurança do paciente almejada pelos gestores. Não obstante, o enfermeiro atua como elo entre esses dois cenários.(AU)

Objective: to identify the contributions of the Internal Regulation Core to patient safety. Method: qualitative research carried out between August and October 2020. Audio-recorded interviews were carried out with 13 professionals who worked in the wards, in the emergency room, in quality management and in the Internal Regulation Center. Data were analyzed using the IraMuteq® software and the steps proposed by Creswell. Results: the findings revealed that the Internal Regulation Nucleus contributes to patient safety, bypassing the established goals: effective communication; patient identification; reduction in the risk of infections associated with health care - the COVID-19 pandemic was presented as an important fact; safety for surgery, as it speeds up access to the hospital for a surgical procedure; and reduction of queues. It also helps to prevent complications resulting from falls, as the patient can be quickly allocated to a safe bed. Finally, the nurse, in his role as a leader in the service and as a link in the management of safe care, also proved to be important. Conclusion: although some weaknesses were detected, the contribution of the Internal Regulation Center stands out for strengthening patient safety goals. As a result, the importance of regulatory flows from the perspective of hospital bed management is reaffirmed, as well as the precepts of patient safety desired by managers. Nevertheless, the nurse acts as a link between these two scenarios.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los aportes del Núcleo Interno Normativo para la seguridad del paciente. Método: investigación cualitativa desarrollada de agosto a octubre de 2020. Se realizaron entrevistas audiograbadas a 13 profesionales que trabajaban en las salas, en el servicio de urgencias, en la Gestión de Calidad y en el Núcleo Interno Normativo. Los datos fueron analizados con la ayuda del software IraMuteq® y los pasos propuestos por Creswell. Resultados: los hallazgos revelaron que el Núcleo Interno Normativo contribuye a la seguridad del paciente, desbordando los objetivos establecidos: comunicación eficaz; identificación del paciente; reducción del riesgo de infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria - la pandemia COVID-19 se presentó como un dato importante; en la seguridad para la cirugía, ya que agiliza el acceso al hospital para procedimientos quirúrgicos y, en la reducción de las colas de espera. También contribuye a la prevención de complicaciones derivadas de caídas, ya que el paciente puede ser ubicado rápidamente en una cama segura. Y, finalmente, el enfermero, en su papel de líder en el servicio, como enlace en la gestión del cuidado seguro, también resultó ser un resultado importante. Conclusión: aunque se detectaron algunas debilidades, se destaca la contribución del Núcleo Interno Normativo en el fortalecimiento de las metas de seguridad del paciente. Como resultado, reafirma la importancia de los flujos normativos desde la perspectiva de la gestión de camas hospitalarias, así como los preceptos de seguridad del paciente deseados por los gestores. Sin embargo, la enfermera actúa como enlace entre estos dos escenarios.(AU)

Prototipo de multimedia educativa para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de los indicadores del recurso cama hospitalaria. Cuba, 2020 / Educational Multimedia Prototype for teach-learn Indicators of Hospital Bed Resource. Cuba, 2020

Introducción: En la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud se estudia la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud que incluye en su plan de estudios diversas asignaturas como Sistemas de Información de Estadísticas de Salud, en la que se incluye el estudio de los indicadores hospitalarios del recurso cama; materia que se imparte de forma tradicional y no tiene una herramienta tecnológica de apoyo que facilite el proceso educativo. Objetivo: Diseñar un prototipo de multimedia educativa que favorezca el auto-aprendizaje de los indicadores del recurso cama hospitalaria en la asignatura Sistemas de Información de Estadísticas de Salud de la carrera Sistemas de Información en Salud. Método: Se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico donde fueron encuestados estudiantes y se entrevistó a la profesora de la asignatura para la obtención de la información. Se utilizó la metodología de Proceso Unificado de Desarrollo y el Lenguaje Unificado de Modelado. Se emplearon las herramientas Visual Paradigm para el modelado, Axure para la creación del prototipo y Mediator para el futuro diseño de la multimedia. Resultados: Se identificaron los problemas de aprendizaje desde la visión de alumnos y profesores, lo que permitió diseñar el prototipo de multimedia educativa sobre los indicadores hospitalarios del recurso cama, que fue considerado útil y pertinente. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un prototipo de multimedia educativa que de manera combinada con el método actual de enseñanza facilitarán y efectuarán de forma dinámica las actividades en el proceso docente educativo(AU)

Introduction: Health Information Systems career is included In the Faculty of Health Technology; the career have in its curriculum subjects as Health Statistics Information Systems, in which the study of hospital resource bed indicators is carried out; the subject is taught in a traditional way and does not have a technological support tool that facilitates the educational process. Objective: To design an educational multimedia prototype that favors self-learning of the indicators of the hospital bed resource in the Health Statistics Information Systems subject of the Health Information Systems career. Method: A survey of students and interview of teachers permitted to obtain the information needed to carry out a study of technological development using Unified Development Process methodology and Unified Modeling Language; Visual Paradigm tools were used for modeling; Axure for prototyping and Mediator for future multimedia design. Results: there were identified learning problems from the perspective of students and teachers, which allowed the design of the educational multimedia prototype on hospital bed resource indicators, considering it useful and pertinent. Conclusions: The design of the educational multimedia prototype, combined with the current teaching method, will facilitate and dynamically carry out the activities in the educational teaching process(AU)

Desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros na gestão de leitos hospitalares durante a pandemia por COVID-19 / Desafíos que enfrentan las enfermeras en la gestión de camas de hospitales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Challenges faced by nurses in hospital bed management during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: relatar desafios enfrentados por enfermeiros na gestão de leitos em uma unidade de internação hospitalar durante a pandemia pela COVID-19. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência. As experiências advêm de enfermeiros que atuam em um hospital público de grande porte, localizado no município de Belo Horizonte-MG. As experiências foram coletadas entre março de 2020 a março de 2022 e organizadas em polos temáticos, fundamentados nos pressupostos da análise de qualidade proposta por Donabedian. Resultados: os desafios enfrentados residem na manutenção do distanciamento entre os leitos, compartilhamento de banheiros, adaptações elétricas, criação de leitos de retaguarda, mudança no perfil dos leitos e na comunicação entre profissionais. Conclusão: os resultados convergem com os desafios previamente encontrados na literatura. Entretanto, apresentam de forma minuciosa e estruturada a realidade de uma unidade de internação, a qual tem potencial para auxiliar em situações de crise, sem previsibilidade e arcabouço científico.(AU)

Objective: to report challenges faced by nurses in managing beds in a hospital inpatient unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a descriptive study, of the experience report type. The experiences come from nurses who work in a large public hospital, located in the city of Belo Horizonte-MG. The experiences were collected between March 2020 and March 2022 and organized into thematic poles, based on the assumptions of the quality analysis proposed by Donabedian. Results: the challenges faced lie in maintaining the distance between beds, sharing bathrooms, electrical adaptations, creating backup beds, changing the profile of beds and communication between professionals. Conclusion: the results converge with the challenges previously found in the literature. However, they present in a detailed and structured way the reality of an inpatient unit, which has the potential to help in crisis situations, without predictability and scientific framework(AU)

Objetivo: relatar los desafíos enfrentados por los enfermeros en la gestión de camas en una unidad de hospitalización durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia. Las experiencias provienen de enfermeros que actúan en un gran hospital público, ubicado en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte-MG. Las experiencias fueron recolectadas entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2022 y organizadas en polos temáticos, a partir de los supuestos del análisis de calidad propuesto por Donabedian. Resultados: los desafíos enfrentados radican en mantener la distancia entre camas, compartir baños, adaptaciones eléctricas, crear camas de respaldo, cambiar el perfil de las camas y la comunicación entre profesionales. Conclusión: los resultados convergen con los desafíos previamente encontrados en la literatura. Sin embargo, presentan de forma detallada y estructurada la realidad de una unidad de hospitalización, que tiene el potencial de ayudar en situaciones de crisis, sin previsibilidad y marco científico.(AU)

The impact of hospital size on national trends and outcomes in isolated open proximal aortic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of hospital size on national trend estimates of isolated open proximal aortic surgery for benchmarking hospital performance. METHODS: Patients age >18 years who underwent isolated open proximal aortic surgery for aneurysm and dissection from 2002 to 2014 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Concomitant valvular, vessel revascularization, re-do procedures, endovascular, and surgery for descending and thoracoabdominal aorta were excluded. Discharges were stratified by hospital size and analyzed using trend, multivariable regression, propensity-score matching analysis. RESULTS: Over a 13-year period, 53,657 isolated open proximal aortic operations were performed nationally. Although the total number of operations/year increased (∼2.9%/year increase) and overall in-hospital mortality decreased (∼4%/year; both P < .001 for trend), these did not differ by hospital size (P > .05). Large hospitals treated more sicker and older patients but had shorter length of stay and lower hospital costs (both P < .001). Even after propensity-score matching, large hospital continued to demonstrate superior in-hospital outcomes, although only statistically for major in-hospital cardiac complications compared with non-large hospitals. In our subgroup analysis of dissection versus non-dissection cohort, in-hospital mortality trends decreased only in the non-dissection cohort (P < .01) versus dissection cohort (P = .39), driven primarily by the impact of large hospitals (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates increasing volume and improving outcomes of isolated open proximal aortic surgeries nationally over the last decade regardless of hospital bed size. Moreover, the resource allocation of sicker patients to larger hospital resulted shorter length of stay and hospital costs, while maintaining similar operative mortality to small- and medium-sized hospitals.

Retrospective modelling of hospital bed capacities associated with the administration of remdesivir during the first wave of COVID-19 in a German metropolitan city.

OBJECTIVES: Internationally, healthcare systems are confronted by an ever-increasing scarcity of medical resources due to the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of remdesivir on the demand of hospital bed capacities for hospitalized COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the potentially created capacities for treating additional COVID-19 patients or elective treatments at the hospital. METHODS: An epidemiological model was developed that utilized the population of Cologne (Germany) during the first COVID-19 wave (first hospitalized patient-30 September 2020) to compare two scenarios: no administration of remdesivir (A) and the administration of remdesivir according to the EMA label (B). The results of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial were used to evaluate the potential impact of remdesivir on hospital capacity. RESULTS: With the first recorded patient on 2 March 2020, a total of 576 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were detected during the first wave in Cologne. Comparing both scenarios (A versus B) of the model, the administration of remdesivir increased the number of discharges from 259 to 293 (+5.8%) and fewer patients needed ICU admission [214 versus 178 (-6.3%)]. In addition, the model estimated 20 fewer deaths (scenario B). Based on a reduced length of stay, 31.4 hospital beds (57.0 versus 25.6) could have been freed by administering remdesivir to eligible patients. This would have allowed either the treatment of an additional 730 COVID-19 patients or 660 elective treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In our model, remdesivir administration profoundly contributed to free hospital capacities in the metropolitan city Cologne in Germany.

Núcleo Interno de Regulação hospitalar: repercussões da implantação nos indicadores dos serviços de saúde / Internal Regulation Center in hospitals: Repercussions of its implementation on the health services' indicators / Centro Interno de Regulación hospitalaria: repercusiones de la implantación en los indicadores de los servicios de salud

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores hospitalares e suas repercussões, antes e após a implantação do Núcleo Interno de Regulação, no número de internações mensais em hospital universitário público. Método Pesquisa avaliativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso desenvolvida em hospital universitário público. Foram mensurados 28 indicadores relacionados à estrutura, produção, produtividade e qualidade, que integram o referencial de Benchmarking interno. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e regressão múltipla para identificar os fatores independentes e associados ao número de internações mensais com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A implantação do Núcleo aumentou significativamente (p<0,001) o número de altas, o fator de utilização e índice de renovação dos leitos, internação de urgência, porcentagem de ocupação dos leitos, procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados e média de paciente-dia (p=0,027). Houve redução (p<0,001) no número de atendimentos no pronto socorro médico, obstétrico e ortopédico, nas taxas de infecção hospitalar e de mortalidade infantil, bem como na diminuição média de permanência de 0,81/dia, aproximadamente um dia a menos de internação por paciente, ou um ganho de 40 leitos disponíveis ao mês. Conclusão Embora o número de leitos disponíveis tenha sido menor no período pós-implantação, o intervalo de substituição de leitos reduziu, representando o aumento de mais 40 leitos ao mês devido à diminuição do tempo de permanência dos pacientes na instituição.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the hospital indicators and their repercussions on the number of monthly admissions to a public university hospital, before and after implementing the Internal Regulation Center. Method An evaluative research study, of the Case Study type, developed in a public university hospital. A total of 28 indicators related to structure, production, productivity and quality were measured, which are part of internal Benchmarking. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple regression to identify the independent factors and those associated with the number of monthly hospitalizations with 95% confidence intervals. Results Implementation of the Center significantly increased (p<0.001) the number of discharges, the bed utilization factor and the bed renewal rate, emergency hospitalization, bed occupancy percentage, surgical procedures performed and the patient-day mean value (p=0.027). There was a reduction (p<0.001) in the number of visits to the medical, obstetric and orthopedic emergency room, in the rates of in-hospital infection and infant mortality, as well as a mean reduction of 0.81/day, approximately one day less of hospitalization per patient, or a gain of 40 available beds per month. Conclusion Although the number of available beds was lower in the post-implementation period, the bed replacement interval was reduced, representing an increase of 40 more beds per month due to the reduction in the patients' length of stay in the institution.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar los indicadores hospitalarios y sus repercusiones, antes y después de la implantación del Centro Interno de Regulación, sobre el número de internaciones mensuales en un hospital universitario público. Método Investigación evaluativa, del tipo Estudio de Caso, desarrollada en un hospital universitario público. Se midieron 28 indicadores relacionados con la estructura, producción, productividad y calidad, que forman parte del Benchmarking interno. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva y regresión múltiple para identificar factores independientes y asociados con el número de hospitalizaciones mensuales con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados La implantación del Centro incrementó significativamente (p<0,001) el número de altas, el factor de utilización y tasa de renovación de camas, la hospitalización de urgencia, el porcentaje de ocupación de camas, los procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados y el promedio de pacientes/día (p =0,027). Se registró una reducción (p<0,001) en el número de las consultas de emergencias médicas, obstétricas y ortopédicas, en las tasas de infección hospitalaria y mortalidad infantil, además de una disminución promedio de la estancia del 0,81/día, aproximadamente un día menos de hospitalización por paciente, o 40 camas disponibles más mes. Conclusión Aunque el número de camas disponibles fue menor en el período posterior a la implantación, el intervalo de sustitución de camas se redujo, lo que representó un aumento de 40 camas más por mes debido a la disminución de la estancia de los pacientes en la institución.

Custo do desperdício de materiais: punção venosa periférica e banho no leito / Costo del desperdicio de materiales: venopunción periférica y baño en cama / The cost of medical supply waste: peripheral venipuncture and bed baths

Resumo Objetivo Mensurar o custo dos materiais desperdiçados em dois procedimentos de enfermagem; identificar o desperdício como evitável e não evitável; classificar esses materiais de acordo com a classificação ABC e estimar o custo anual com o desperdício desses materiais. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo, do tipo estudo de caso único. Os dados foram coletados de março de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017 em duas unidades de um Hospital Universitário na cidade de São Paulo. Fizeram parte da amostra os procedimentos de enfermagem: Punção Venosa Periférica e Banho no Leito. O desperdício de materiais foi calculado pela soma do custo de cada item de material desperdiçado. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente quanto às frequências absolutas e relativas, por média e desvio padrão. Resultados O total com desperdício de materiais na Punção venosa periférica foi R$ 27,20 (US$ 7.31), sendo o custo "evitável" de R$ 3,50 (US$ 0.94) e R$ 23,70 (US$ 6.37) para o "não evitável". O total com desperdício de materiais no Banho no leito foi R$ 214,63 (US$ 57.73), sendo o custo de R$ 149,59 (US$ 40.24) para os materiais com classificação "evitável" e R$ 65,04 (US$ 17.49) para os "não evitável". A maioria dos materiais desperdiçados, acima de 70%, foram da classe A nos dois procedimentos. A projeção do custo anual com desperdício de materiais foi R$ 83.858,53 (US$ 22,557.94). Conclusão O desperdício de materiais mostrou comportamento distinto nos procedimentos observados, sinalizando a necessidade de serem identificados, analisados e calculados para que os enfermeiros tomem decisões com eficiência.

Resumen Objetivo Medir el costo de los materiales desperdiciados en dos procedimientos de enfermería, identificar el desperdicio evitable y no evitable, clasificar esos materiales de acuerdo con la clasificación ABC y estimar el costo anual del desperdicio de esos materiales. Métodos Estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, tipo estudio de caso único. Los datos fueron recopilados de marzo de 2016 a febrero de 2017 en dos unidades de un hospital universitario en la ciudad de São Paulo. Los procedimientos de enfermería que formaron parte de la muestra fueron: venopunción periférica y baño en cama, El desperdicio de materiales fue calculado por la suma del costo de cada ítem de material desperdiciado. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente con relación a las frecuencias absolutas y relativas por promedio y desviación típica. Resultados El total del desperdicio de materiales en la venopunción periférica fue de R$ 27,20 (USD 7,31), del cual el costo "evitable" fue de R$ 3,50 (USD 6,37) y el "no evitable" de R$ 23,70 (USD 6,37). El total del desperdicio de materiales en el baño en cama fue de R$ 214,63 (USD 57,73), del cual el costo de R$ 149,59 (USD 40,24) fue de material clasificado como "evitable" y R$ 65,04 (USD 17,49) de "no evitable". La mayoría del material desperdiciado, más del 70 %, fue de clase A en los dos procedimientos. La proyección del costo anual del desperdicio de materiales fue de R$ 83.858,53 (USD 22.557,94). Conclusión El desperdicio de materiales mostró diferentes comportamientos en los procedimientos observados, lo que indicó la necesidad de que sean identificados, analizados y calculados para que los enfermeros tomen decisiones con eficiencia.

Abstract Objective To measure the costs of medical supply waste in two nursing procedures; to define waste into avoidable and unavoidable; to classify these materials according to the ABC classification and estimate the annual cost of these types of medical supply waste. Methods This was a quantitative, exploratory-descriptive single case study. Data were collected between March 2016 and February 2017 in two units of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The following nursing procedures composed the sample: peripheral venipuncture and bed baths. Medical supply waste was calculated as the sum of the cost of each item of wasted materials. The data were analyzed descriptively in terms of absolute and relative frequencies, average, and standard deviation. Result The total of medical supply waste of peripheral venipuncture was R$ 27.20 (US$ 7.31) of which R$ 3.50 (US$ 0.94) were "avoidable", R$ 23.70 (US$ 6.37), "unavoidable". The total volume of waste for bed baths was R$ 214,63 (US$ 57.73), of which R$ 149.59 (US$ 40.24) were "avoidable" and R$ 65.04 (US$ 17.49) "unavoidable". More than 70% of the wasted supplies were class A materials in both procedures. The projected annual cost of medical supply waste was R$ 83,858.53 (US$ 22,557.94). Conclusion Medical supply waste presented a distinct behavior in the observed procedures, which points to the need for it to be identified, analyzed and calculated for nurses to make decisions efficiently.

Cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures is not a benign practice and is often preventable.

AIM: To quantify the reasons for cancelled elective orthopaedic operations, in particular hip and knee arthroplasty. Secondary aims included defining how long these patients had to wait until their operation, and investigating the impact delayed surgery has on patients in terms of re-presentation to healthcare services. METHODS: We reviewed hospital records for all cancelled elective orthopaedic operations over a two-year period at a secondary hospital in New Zealand, investigated the reasons for these cancellations, wait times and comorbidities and compared total hip and knee arthroplasty to other elective orthopaedic operations. RESULTS: 76 orthopaedic elective cases were cancelled. 28 (37%) were hip and knee arthroplasties. 71% of these arthroplasties were cancelled due to hospital-related factors (bed availability, operating theatre capacity). Mean wait time for an eventual operation was 56.20 days. Hip joint arthroplasties waited significantly longer (76.10 days, p=0.008). 10% of patients awaiting hip and knee arthroplasties re-presented to healthcare services before their eventual operation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients are having their elective hip and knee arthroplasty operations cancelled for hospital-related reasons that could be avoidable. There are significant wait times contributing to decreased quality of life and may be contributing to avoidable re-presentation with its associated demand on healthcare services.

Association Between Caseload Surge and COVID-19 Survival in 558 U.S. Hospitals, March to August 2020.

BACKGROUND: Several U.S. hospitals had surges in COVID-19 caseload, but their effect on COVID-19 survival rates remains unclear, especially independent of temporal changes in survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between hospitals' severity-weighted COVID-19 caseload and COVID-19 mortality risk and identify effect modifiers of this relationship. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04688372). SETTING: 558 U.S. hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database. PARTICIPANTS: Adult COVID-19-coded inpatients admitted from March to August 2020 with discharge dispositions by October 2020. MEASUREMENTS: Each hospital-month was stratified by percentile rank on a surge index (a severity-weighted measure of COVID-19 caseload relative to pre-COVID-19 bed capacity). The effect of surge index on risk-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice was calculated using hierarchical modeling; interaction by surge attributes was assessed. RESULTS: Of 144 116 inpatients with COVID-19 at 558 U.S. hospitals, 78 144 (54.2%) were admitted to hospitals in the top surge index decile. Overall, 25 344 (17.6%) died; crude COVID-19 mortality decreased over time across all surge index strata. However, compared with nonsurging (<50th surge index percentile) hospital-months, aORs in the 50th to 75th, 75th to 90th, 90th to 95th, 95th to 99th, and greater than 99th percentiles were 1.11 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.23), 1.24 (CI, 1.12 to 1.38), 1.42 (CI, 1.27 to 1.60), 1.59 (CI, 1.41 to 1.80), and 2.00 (CI, 1.69 to 2.38), respectively. The surge index was associated with mortality across ward, intensive care unit, and intubated patients. The surge-mortality relationship was stronger in June to August than in March to May (slope difference, 0.10 [CI, 0.033 to 0.16]) despite greater corticosteroid use and more judicious intubation during later and higher-surging months. Nearly 1 in 4 COVID-19 deaths (5868 [CI, 3584 to 8171]; 23.2%) was potentially attributable to hospitals strained by surging caseload. LIMITATION: Residual confounding. CONCLUSION: Despite improvements in COVID-19 survival between March and August 2020, surges in hospital COVID-19 caseload remained detrimental to survival and potentially eroded benefits gained from emerging treatments. Bolstering preventive measures and supporting surging hospitals will save many lives. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Cancer Institute.

Pediatric Palliative Care Programs in US Hospitals.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is integral to the care of children living with serious illnesses. Despite the growth in the number of established palliative care programs over the past decade, little is known about the current operational features of PPC programs across the country. METHODS: The National Palliative Care Registry collects annualized data on palliative care programs' structures, processes, and staffing. Using data from the 2018 registry survey, we report on the operational features of inpatient PPC programs across the United States. RESULTS: Fifty-four inpatient PPC programs submitted data about their operations. Programs reported a median of 3.8 full-time equivalent staff per 10 000 hospital admissions (range 0.7-12.1) across the core interdisciplinary team, yet few (37%) met the minimum standards of practice for staffing. Programs provided more annual consults if they were longer-standing, had more interdisciplinary full-time equivalent staff, offered 24/7 availability for patients and families, or were at larger hospitals. The majority of programs reported concern for burnout (63%) and an inability to meet clinical demand with available staffing (60%). CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variability in PPC program operations and structure in hospitals. This study affirms the need for updated program standards and guidelines, as well as research that describes how different care delivery models impact outcomes for patients, families, staff, and health care systems. Future studies that further define the clinical demand, workload, and sustainability challenges of PPC programs are necessary to foster the provision of high-quality PPC and maintain a vital clinical workforce.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Oncology in Europe: Results of a European Survey.

BACKGROUND: The first COVID-19 pandemic wave hit most of the health-care systems worldwide. The present survey aimed to provide a European overview on the COVID-19 impact on surgical oncology. METHODS: This anonymous online survey was accessible from April 24 to May 11, 2020, for surgeons (n = 298) who were contacted by the surgical society European Digestive Surgery. The survey was completed by 88 surgeons (29.2%) from 69 different departments. The responses per department were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the departments, 88.4% (n = 61/69) reported a lower volume of patients in the outpatient clinic; 69.1% (n = 47/68) and 75.0% (n = 51/68) reported a reduction in hospital bed and the operating room capacity, respectively. As a result, the participants reported an average reduction of 29.3% for all types of oncological resections surveyed in this questionnaire. The strongest reduction was observed for oncological resections of hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) cancers. Of the interviewed surgeons, 68.7% (n = 46/67) agreed that survival outcomes will be negatively impacted by the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The first COVID-19 pandemic wave had a significant impact on surgical oncology in Europe. The surveyed surgeons expect an increase in the number of unresectable cancers as well as poorer survival outcomes due to cancellations of follow-ups and postponements of surgeries.

District hospital surgical capacity in Western Cape Province, South Africa: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: The role of the district hospital (DH) in surgical care has been undervalued. However, decentralised surgical services at DHs have been identified as a key component of universal health coverage. Surgical capacity at DHs in Western Cape (WC) Province, South Africa, has not been described. OBJECTIVES: To describe DH surgical capacity in WC and identify barriers to scaling up surgical capacity at these facilities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of 33 DHs using the World Health Organization surgical situational analysis tool administered to hospital staff from June to December 2019. The survey addressed the following domains: general services and financing; service delivery and surgical volume; surgical workforce; hospital and operating theatre (OT) infrastructure, equipment and medication; and barriers to scaling up surgical care. RESULTS: Seven of 33 DHs (21%) did not have a functional OT. Of the 28 World Bank DH procedures, small WC DHs performed up to 22 (79%) and medium/large DHs up to 26 (93%). Only medium/large DHs performed all three bellwether procedures. Five DHs (15%) had a full-time surgeon, anaesthetist or obstetrician (SAO). Of DHs without any SAO specialists, 14 (50%) had family physicians (FPs). These DHs performed more operative procedures than those without FPs (p=0.005). Lack of finances dedicated for surgical care and lack of surgical providers were the most reported barriers to providing and expanding surgical services. CONCLUSIONS: WC DH surgical capacity varied by hospital size. However, FPs could play an essential role in surgery at DHs with appropriate training, oversight and support from SAO specialists. Strategies to scale up surgical capacity include dedicated financial and human resources.

Trends, characteristics, and outcomes of placenta accreta spectrum: a national study in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Although an infrequent occurrence, the placenta can adhere abnormally to the gravid uterus leading to significantly high maternal morbidity and mortality during cesarean delivery. Contemporary national statistics related to a morbidly adherent placenta, referred to as placenta accreta spectrum, are needed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine national trends, characteristics, and perioperative outcomes of women who underwent cesarean delivery for placenta accreta spectrum in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: This is a population-based retrospective, observational study querying the National Inpatient Sample. The study cohort included women who underwent cesarean delivery from October 2015 to December 2017 and had a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. The main outcome measures were patient characteristics and surgical outcomes related to placenta accreta spectrum assessed by the generalized estimating equation on multivariable analysis. The temporal trend of placenta accreta spectrum was also assessed by linear segmented regression with log transformation. RESULTS: Of 2,727,477 cases who underwent cesarean delivery during the study period, 8030 (0.29%) had the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. Placenta accreta was the most common diagnosis (n=6205, 0.23%), followed by percreta (n=1060, 0.04%) and increta (n=765, 0.03%). The number of placenta accreta spectrum cases increased by 2.1% every quarter year from 0.27% to 0.32% (P=.004). On multivariable analysis, (1) patient demographics (older age, tobacco use, recent diagnosis, higher comorbidity, and use of assisted reproductive technology), (2) pregnancy characteristics (placenta previa, previous cesarean delivery, breech presentation, and grand multiparity), and (3) hospital factors (urban teaching center and large bed capacity hospital) represented the independent characteristics related to placenta accreta spectrum (all, P<.05). The median gestational age at cesarean delivery was 36 weeks for placenta accreta and 34 weeks for both placenta increta and percreta vs 39 weeks for non-placenta accreta spectrum cases (P<.001). On multivariable analysis, cesarean delivery complicated by placenta accreta spectrum was associated with increased risk of any surgical morbidities (78.3% vs 10.6%), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined severe maternal morbidity (60.3% vs 3.1%), hemorrhage (54.1% vs 3.9%), coagulopathy (5.3% vs 0.3%), shock (5.0% vs 0.1%), urinary tract injury (8.3% vs 0.2%), and death (0.25% vs 0.01%) compared with cesarean delivery without placenta accreta spectrum. When further analyzed by subtype, cesarean delivery for placenta increta and percreta was associated with higher likelihood of hysterectomy (0.4% for non-placenta accreta spectrum, 45.8% for accreta, 82.4% for increta, 78.3% for percreta; P<.001) and urinary tract injury (0.2% for non-placenta accreta spectrum, 5.2% for accreta, 11.8% for increta, 24.5% for percreta; P<.001). Moreover, women in the placenta increta and percreta groups had markedly increased risks of surgical mortality compared with those without placenta accreta spectrum (increta, odds ratio, 19.9; and percreta, odds ratio, 32.1). CONCLUSION: Patient characteristics and outcomes differ across the placenta accreta spectrum subtypes, and women with placenta increta and percreta have considerably high surgical morbidity and mortality risks. Notably, 1 in 313 women undergoing cesarean delivery had a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum by the end of 2017, and the incidence seems to be higher than reported in previous studies.

How Hospitals Can Save Lives and Themselves: Lessons on Patient Flow From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

COVID-19 has strained hospital capacity, detracted from patient care, and reduced hospital income. This article lays out a tested strategy that surgical and hospital leaders can use to overcome clinical and financial strain, emphasizing the experience at 2 leading North American medical centers. By classifying the time and resource needs of surgical patients and smoothing the flow of surgical admissions over all days of the week, hospitals can dramatically improve hospital efficiency, the quality of care and timely access to care for emergent and urgent surgeries. Through and beyond the time of COVID, smoothing the flow of surgical patients is a key means to restore hospital vitality and improve the care of all patients.

An Assessment of Anesthesia Capacity in Liberia: Opportunities for Rebuilding Post-Ebola.

BACKGROUND: The health system of Liberia, a low-income country in West Africa, was devastated by a civil war lasting from 1989 to 2003. Gains made in the post-war period were compromised by the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic. The already fragile health system experienced worsening of health indicators, including an estimated 111% increase in the country's maternal mortality rate post-Ebola. Access to safe surgery is necessary for improvement of these metrics, yet data on surgical and anesthesia capacity in Liberia post-Ebola are sparse. The aim of this study was to describe anesthesia capacity in Liberia post-Ebola as part of the development of a National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Plan (NSOAP). METHODS: Using the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) Anaesthesia Facility Assessment Tool (AFAT), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 26 of 32 Ministry of Health recognized hospitals that provide surgical care in Liberia. The surveyed hospitals served approximately 90% of the Liberian population. This assessment surveyed infrastructure, workforce, service delivery, information management, medications, and equipment and was performed between July and September 2019. Researchers obtained data from interviews with anesthesia department heads, medical directors and through direct site visits where possible. RESULTS: Anesthesiologist and nurse anesthetist workforce densities were 0.02 and 1.56 per 100,000 population, respectively, compared to 0.63 surgeons per 100,000 population and 0.52 obstetricians/gynecologists per 100,000 population. On average, there were 2 functioning operating rooms (ORs; OR in working condition that can be used for patient care) per hospital (standard deviation [SD] = 0.79; range, 1-3). Half of the hospitals surveyed had a postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and intensive care unit (ICU); however, only 1 hospital had mechanical ventilation capacity in the ICU. Ketamine and lidocaine were widely available. Intravenous (IV) morphine was always available in only 6 hospitals. None of the hospitals surveyed completely met the minimum World Health Organization (WHO)-WFSA standards for health care facilities where surgery and anesthesia are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we noted several critical gaps in anesthesia and surgical capacity in Liberia, in spite of the massive global response post-Ebola directed toward health system development. Further investment across all domains is necessary to attain minimum international standards and to facilitate the provision of safe surgery and anesthesia in Liberia. The study results will be considered in development of an NSOAP for Liberia.

UTI no estado de Goiás: estudo de suficiência: relatório resumido / ICU in the state of Goiás: sufficiency study: summary report

Objetivo de propiciar aos gestores a realização de uma programação de internações/leitos mais coerente com as reais necessidades da população do estado de Goiás. Estudo exploratório, com bases de dados secundários e foco no aprofundamento da percepção de determinados cálculos/medidas não demonstrados/elucidados na portaria. Período do estudo: 2014 a 2020.Sistema de Informações/Softwares Utilizados: SIH/SUS; ANS, SCNES, SINASC, Projeção populacional do IMB. Softwares utilizados: TabWin, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, WPS Office, Google Drive, Power BI, GitLab, Java. Indicadores previstos: nº de internações e leitos esperados, gerais e de UTI. Os dados considerados neste estudo foram coletados antes do período da pandemia da Covid-19, os leitos dedicados ao enfretamento da pandemia não foram incorporados nas análises. Apresenta os principais resultados para o período analisado no Brasil e em Goiás referentes a estabelecimentos de saúde/leitos, os resultados apurados para o Estado de Goiás em relação aos leitos gerais SUS e não SUS por especialidade, leitos de UTI SUS e não SUS por especialidade, a faixa de variação de leitos gerais e de UTI/SUS preconizados pela Portaria 1.101/2002. Os leitos gerais e UTI SUS por especialidade, para Goiânia. Após os ajustes na metodologia para a obtenção dos dados necessários à implementação das fórmulas da portaria, desenvolveu-se um protótipo de simulador para identificação dos milhares de cenários possíveis para a programação de internações e leitos, gerais e de UTI, em esfera estadual, de conformidade ao exemplo contido no item 3 deste relatório

Objective of providing managers with a schedule of admissions/beds more consistent with the real needs of the population of the state of Goiás. Exploratory study, with secondary databases and focus on deepening the perception of certain calculations/measures not demonstrated/elucidated at the gatehouse. Study period: 2014 to 2020. Information System/Software Used: SIH/SUS; ANS, SCNES, SINASC, IMB population projection. Software used: TabWin, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, WPS Office, Google Drive, Power BI, GitLab, Java. Expected indicators: number of hospitalizations and expected beds, general and ICU. The data considered in this study were collected before the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, the beds dedicated to dealing with the pandemic were not incorporated in the analyses. It presents the main results for the period analyzed in Brazil and Goiás referring to health establishments/beds, the results obtained for the State of Goiás in relation to general SUS and non-SUS beds by specialty, SUS and non-SUS ICU beds by specialty , the range of variation of general beds and ICU/SUS recommended by Ordinance 1,101/2002. General beds and SUS ICU by specialty, for Goiânia. After adjustments in the methodology to obtain the data necessary to implement the ordinance formulas, a simulator prototype was developed to identify the thousands of possible scenarios for the programming of hospitalizations and beds, general and ICU, at the state level, of conformity to the example contained in item 3 of this report

[The impact of COVID-19 on surgical waiting lists.] / Impacto de la COVID-19 sobre las listas de espera quirúrgicas.

OBJECTIVE: In Spain, the number of persons that are in a surgery waiting list as well as the available surgery resources, differ across autonomous communities. The pandemic generated by COVID-19 has increased these waiting lists. In this study two objectives were pursued: on the one hand, to determine which are the resources that are determining the number of persons that are in a surgery waiting list per 1,000 inhabitants; on the other hand, to estimate the impact that the current pandemic has on the latter. METHODS: To estimate which are the resources that are having a greater impact on the waiting lists and to forecast the effect that the COVID-19 has on them, we use dynamic panel data models. The data on the surgery resources and on the waiting lists by autonomous communities is obtained from the Surveys on Health, Hospital Statistics and reports on waiting lists of the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Well Being and the Counsels. The sample period is 2012-2017 (last published year for surgery resources). In addition, a literature review is conducted and it shows the important and complexity of waiting list like a gestion tool of health system (Science, SciELO and Dialnet web data bases). RESULTS: COVID-19 will increase the waiting lists by approximately 7.6% to 19.14%, depending on the autonomous community. Not all the available surgery resources have the same relevance nor an equal effect on the reduction of the waiting lists. The most significant resources are the beds and operating rooms per 1,000 inhabitants. The hospital expenditure is not so relevant. CONCLUSIONS: The panel data models estimate the relation between the surgery resources and the waiting list. The latter is deemed complex and different across autonomous communities. In addition, these models allow to predict the expected increase in the waiting lists and are, thus, a useful instrument for their management.

OBJETIVO: En España, tanto el número de personas que están en espera de intervención quirúrgica, como los recursos quirúrgicos disponibles difieren entre comunidades autónomas. La pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha incrementado estas listas de espera. En este trabajo se persiguió un doble objetivo, por un lado, determinar cuáles son los recursos que tiene mayor influencia en el número de personas por mil habitantes que se encuentran en espera quirúrgica y, por otro, estimar el impacto que la pandemia actual ha generado. METODOS: Para estimar cuales son los recursos que más están repercutiendo en las listas de espera y predecir el efecto que la COVID-19 ejerce en ellas, utilizamos un modelo de datos de panel dinámico. Los datos de recursos quirúrgicos y listas de espera por comunidades autónomas se han obtenido de Encuestas de Salud, Estadísticas Hospitalarias e informes de listas de espera del Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social y de las Consejerías. El periodo muestral es 2012-2017 (último año publicado para recursos quirúrgicos). Además, se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura que permite corroborar la importancia y complejidad de las listas de espera como instrumento de gestión del sistema sanitario (bases de datos Web of Science, SciELO y Dialnet). RESULTADOS: La COVID-19 incrementará las listas de espera, aproximadamente entre el 7,6% y el 19,4%, dependiendo de la comunidad. No todos los recursos quirúrgicos disponibles tienen la misma importancia ni influyen de la misma manera en la reducción de las personas en espera. Los recursos más significativos son las camas y quirófanos por mil habitantes y no tanto el gasto en hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud. CONCLUSIONES: Los modelos de datos de panel permiten conocer la relación entre recursos quirúrgicos y lista de espera, la cual parece ser compleja y diferente entre comunidades. Además, estos modelos ayudan a predecir el incremento esperable y, por lo tanto, son un instrumento útil en la gestión de listas de espera.